Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are cellulosic materials, composed of alternating crystalline and amorphous strings and have a web-like structure. The resulting aqueous suspensions exhibited gel-like characteristics in water with pseudo-plastic and thixotropic properties even at low solid content. In nature, cellulose is slender and rod-like or threadlike, due to a linear association of crystallites. These rods or threads are called microfibrils, which are a collection of cellulose chains and form the basic structural unit of a plant cell wall. The process for isolating nanofibrillated cellulose consists of the disintegration of cellulose fibers along their long axis. A cost-effective chemical pretreatment can be used before mechanical shearing, by oxidizing cellulose fibers. The TEMPO-oxidized cellulose fibers can be converted, by mechanical shearing, to transparent and highly viscous dispersions in water, consisting of highly crystalline individual nanofibers. Carboxymethylation is also