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Statement of problem Crown-lengthening procedures (CLPs) and orthodontic eruption procedures (OEPs) improve the biomechanical properties of residual root restoration. However, their use is limited by clinic time, cost, and crown-root ratio. An inner shoulder retention form (ISRF) overcomes these limits; however, whether ISRF meets the biomechanical requirements is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro and finite element analysis (FEA) study was to evaluate the effects of 3 residual root treatments (ISRF, CLP, and OEP) on premolar