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are predicted targets of miR-34a. It was further observed that elevation of Notch-1 and Jagged-1 induced by TGF-β1 was inhibited by miR-34a-enriched MSC-MVs. In addition, TGF-β1 exposure also induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Although miR-34a-mofidied MSC-MVs were able to inhibit TGF-β1-triggered apoptosis in HK-2 cells, the effects were less significant than control MSC-MVs (controlTGF-β1miR-nc-MVmiR-34a-MV = 1.30.61.10.9 for MTT assay, 1.8%23.3%9.4%17.4% for apoptosis assay). This phenomenon may be the result of the pro-apoptotic effects