Carbohydrates as structural materials and energy sources are probably one of the most abundant and challenging biomolecules. They exist either as a single molecule or in combination with other molecules. For example, they bind to proteins to form glycoproteins and covalently link to lipids to form glycolipids. Carbohydrates play important roles in living organisms as important nutrients and major energy sources. Meanwhile, carbohydrates are also involved in a variety of immune responses.
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